OCC Future and Obstacles under 5g Requirements

Telecommunications specifications of the fifth-generation (5 G) are being established to satisfy the rising demands of high-speed broadband networks (i.e., a few tens of Gigabits every second). The 5 G standard derives primarily from a rising number of subscribers and a multitude of various apps, commonly referred to as smart devices, communicating as part of Internet-of-Things (IoT) network For 5 G, a few possible developments such as millimeter waves, large multiple-input multiple-output, and small cell connectivity have appeared. While such technologies will meet 5 G specifications, attention is being given to a complementary potential wireless optical wireless communication (OWC) system. Clear light contact (VLC) as part of OWC. Among the most desirable solutions for 5 G networks and beyond are optical camera communications (OCCs). As part of future smart cities, VLC with huge frequency spectrum integrated with IoT that opens up a broad range of indoor and outdoor applications. This paper gives a description of the VLC-centric all-optical IoT and Potential implementations and issues centered on OCC under 5 G Requirement

BER performance study for optical OFDM of optical camera communication

In this article, different forms of optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) were observed which were suitable for optical camera communication (OCC) systems. This research aims to establish the bit error rate (BER) versus signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the OCC system. This research will focus on OCC systems and the design that produces the noise of the clipping but will gain SNR as a whole if an optimum clipping factor is chosen. The BER versus SNR analysis was investigated for the different clipping factors 0.7, 1.4, and 2.6. The BER performance of the asymmetrically clipped optical OFDM (ACO-OFDM) was also compared with the direct current optical OFDM (DCO-OFDM) to show the suitable effectiveness of the proposed approach. ACO-OFDM was considered to be better due to lower bit loading, but DCO-OFDM was efficient for higher SNR values. This was because the DC bias used was inefficient in terms of optical capacity, while ACO-OFDM used only half of the subcarriers to transmit the information. Moreover, ACO-OFDM two-dimensional half-subcarriers of mapping rule would introduce the clipping noise to its unused 2D subcarriers, although further data can be provided by the 2D DCO-OFDM mapping rule

Assessment of Self – Care Practices during Prenatal Period among Mothers in Babylon City

AbstractObjective:The study aims to assess the self-care practices of the antenatal mother, and to - Identify the demographic characteristics of pregnant mother (Age, Level of education, occupation …………..etc. ).Methodology: A descriptive analytical design study was conducted on non-Probability (convenient sample), Startingfrom the period December1st2014 to August the 3rd2015.which consists of (150) pregnant women. Were selected from (4) health centers 2 from each sector in the Hilla city as randomly selected from the general population. The researcher used rated on (3- level type Likert scale), by (Lindgren 2005) which is on the other hand the (Health practice questionnaire - II (HPQ-II ). The questionnaire was consisted of (67) items developed and adopted to measure the self-care practices of pregnant women. The current items which were grouped into comprised of two parts which includes the following: Part. I A. Socio-demographic characteristics of mothers, B. Reproductive Information. Part II. Items of pregnant mother practices. A pilot study has been carried out to test the reliability of the questionnaire and content validity has been carried out through the (22) experts in the different fields. The reliability Coefficient through of the calculated (alpha Cronbach's) was (α= 0.827). The researcher gathered the subjects responses through the questionnaire & face-to face interview as one of the methods of data collection. Statistical analysis was conducted to determine a frequency distribution of responses for each item as reported for the entire sample.Results:"overall"Results shows of the study showed that the final evaluation of the practice of self-care during the period of prenatal he was a good 50%.The present study demonstrated no statistically significant relationship between the demographic variables and practices of the self- care.Conclusions: The results achieved from all studied self-care practices among mothers during pregnancy (nutritional, physical activity, personal hygiene, rest and sleep, other practices),it was of a good level of the assessmen

The Impact of Switching Voltage of Mach-Zehnder Modulator on Subcarrier Multiplexing Amplitude Shift Keying Radio over Fiber System

Radio over Fiber technology (ROF) is an essential technology for saving the remote access to broadband wireless communication. It is a combination of wireless and fiber optic networks. In this research the influence of changing the switching voltage of Mach-Zehnder modulator on millimeter wave ROF system has been presented. One of an important data modulation known as subcarrier multiplexing amplitude shift keying SCM ASK was examined. Eye diagrams were used to effectively analyze the performance of ROF optical system at different switching voltages. A larger “eye opening” signifies less noise or distortion and therefore a higher quality of the received signal. The simulation analysis shows that there exists an optimum switching voltage (8v). The software package called "Optisystem ver. 12" has been utilized to simulate this system. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjes.24.2017.34</p

New Public Management inom äldreomsorgen - Kritiska röster från golvet

I Sverige har vi idag en ökad befolkning av personer som är över 65 år. Detta medför också till ökat krav på äldreomsorgen. Äldreboenden är en vanlig typ av boende för personer över 65 år som inte längre klarar av att leva i sina ordinära boende. De ökade kraven på äldreomsorg ökar också kostnaderna i samhället. Genom att genomföra förändringar i arbetssätten inom offentlig förvaltning, såsom vård- och omsorgsförvaltningen inom den offentlig sektorn, är tanken att arbetet blir mer kostnadseffektivt och att verksamheterna får ut det mesta av pengarna. Nyorganiseringen av offentlig förvaltning betyder också decentralisering av organisationer där varje del blir en isolerad enhet med egen budget, vilket i och för sig ökar antalet kostnadscentraler.Syftet med vårt arbete är att undersöka hur New Public Management har spridit sig inom äldreomsorgsorganisationen. Vi vill ta reda på hur denna arbetsgrupp påverkas av New Public Management och om de tycker att det är positivt eller negativt att en offentlig sektor kontrolleras som ett privat företag. Vi har intervjuat åtta undersköterskor i ett kommunalt äldreboende och sedan kommit till de fyra teman som vår uppsats bygger på. Våra utvalda teman är yrkesroller, kostnadsmedvetenhet, individuell lön och prestation, vilka är huvuddragen inom New Public Management.Today, in Sweden, we have an increased population over 65 years. This also increases the requirements for care for the elderly, and retirement homes today are a common type of accommodation for people over the age of 65 who can no longer live alone in ordinary accommodation. The increased demands on elderly care also increase costs. By implementing Public Public Management in Public Sector, the idea is to work more cost-effectively and to get the most out of the money. New Public Management also means decentralization of organizations where each part becomes an isolated entity with its own budget, which increases the number of cost centers.The purpose of our paper is to investigate whether New Public Management has spread into the organization, to those who perform the care work, that is, the underscores. We want to find out how this workgroup is affected by New Public Management and if they think it is positive or negative to control a public sector such as private companies. We have interviewed eight underscores at a municipal retirement home, and then come up with the four themes from which our essay is based. Our chosen themes are occupational roles, cost awareness, individual payroll and performance, all of which can be linked to New Public Management

New Public Management inom äldreomsorgen - Kritiska röster från golvet

I Sverige har vi idag en ökad befolkning av personer som är över 65 år. Detta medför också till ökat krav på äldreomsorgen. Äldreboenden är en vanlig typ av boende för personer över 65 år som inte längre klarar av att leva i sina ordinära boende. De ökade kraven på äldreomsorg ökar också kostnaderna i samhället. Genom att genomföra förändringar i arbetssätten inom offentlig förvaltning, såsom vård- och omsorgsförvaltningen inom den offentlig sektorn, är tanken att arbetet blir mer kostnadseffektivt och att verksamheterna får ut det mesta av pengarna. Nyorganiseringen av offentlig förvaltning betyder också decentralisering av organisationer där varje del blir en isolerad enhet med egen budget, vilket i och för sig ökar antalet kostnadscentraler. Syftet med vårt arbete är att undersöka hur New Public Management har spridit sig inom äldreomsorgsorganisationen. Vi vill ta reda på hur denna arbetsgrupp påverkas av New Public Management och om de tycker att det är positivt eller negativt att en offentlig sektor kontrolleras som ett privat företag. Vi har intervjuat åtta undersköterskor i ett kommunalt äldreboende och sedan kommit till de fyra teman som vår uppsats bygger på. Våra utvalda teman är yrkesroller, kostnadsmedvetenhet, individuell lön och prestation, vilka är huvuddragen inom New Public Management.Today, in Sweden, we have an increased population over 65 years. This also increases the requirements for care for the elderly, and retirement homes today are a common type of accommodation for people over the age of 65 who can no longer live alone in ordinary accommodation. The increased demands on elderly care also increase costs. By implementing Public Public Management in Public Sector, the idea is to work more cost-effectively and to get the most out of the money. New Public Management also means decentralization of organizations where each part becomes an isolated entity with its own budget, which increases the number of cost centers. The purpose of our paper is to investigate whether New Public Management has spread into the organization, to those who perform the care work, that is, the underscores. We want to find out how this workgroup is affected by New Public Management and if they think it is positive or negative to control a public sector such as private companies. We have interviewed eight underscores at a municipal retirement home, and then come up with the four themes from which our essay is based. Our chosen themes are occupational roles, cost awareness, individual payroll and performance, all of which can be linked to New Public Management

New Public Management inom äldreomsorgen - Kritiska röster från golvet

I Sverige har vi idag en ökad befolkning av personer som är över 65 år. Detta medför också till ökat krav på äldreomsorgen. Äldreboenden är en vanlig typ av boende för personer över 65 år som inte längre klarar av att leva i sina ordinära boende. De ökade kraven på äldreomsorg ökar också kostnaderna i samhället. Genom att genomföra förändringar i arbetssätten inom offentlig förvaltning, såsom vård- och omsorgsförvaltningen inom den offentlig sektorn, är tanken att arbetet blir mer kostnadseffektivt och att verksamheterna får ut det mesta av pengarna. Nyorganiseringen av offentlig förvaltning betyder också decentralisering av organisationer där varje del blir en isolerad enhet med egen budget, vilket i och för sig ökar antalet kostnadscentraler.Syftet med vårt arbete är att undersöka hur New Public Management har spridit sig inom äldreomsorgsorganisationen. Vi vill ta reda på hur denna arbetsgrupp påverkas av New Public Management och om de tycker att det är positivt eller negativt att en offentlig sektor kontrolleras som ett privat företag. Vi har intervjuat åtta undersköterskor i ett kommunalt äldreboende och sedan kommit till de fyra teman som vår uppsats bygger på. Våra utvalda teman är yrkesroller, kostnadsmedvetenhet, individuell lön och prestation, vilka är huvuddragen inom New Public Management.Today, in Sweden, we have an increased population over 65 years. This also increases the requirements for care for the elderly, and retirement homes today are a common type of accommodation for people over the age of 65 who can no longer live alone in ordinary accommodation. The increased demands on elderly care also increase costs. By implementing Public Public Management in Public Sector, the idea is to work more cost-effectively and to get the most out of the money. New Public Management also means decentralization of organizations where each part becomes an isolated entity with its own budget, which increases the number of cost centers.The purpose of our paper is to investigate whether New Public Management has spread into the organization, to those who perform the care work, that is, the underscores. We want to find out how this workgroup is affected by New Public Management and if they think it is positive or negative to control a public sector such as private companies. We have interviewed eight underscores at a municipal retirement home, and then come up with the four themes from which our essay is based. Our chosen themes are occupational roles, cost awareness, individual payroll and performance, all of which can be linked to New Public Management

Tutorials-Based System to Assist Qatari Children with Special Needs

The objective of this project is to develop an Arabic predictive communication system for physically disabled people with speech and language impairments who are resident at the Shafalah Qatari center for children with special needs in Doha. We aim to improve the learning and understanding skills of children with special needs. We aim to develop graphics-based and interactive tutorials. The main topics of these tutorials include: human body, transportation means, time and date, animals, food and plants. We design some intelligent puzzles to be assembled by the disabled children. Greedy algorithms will used to guide the potential users to reach a solution. The disabled children will be asked to arrange a set of simple words and phrases to form a meaningful sentence on the tutorials' topics that they learnt. The existing augmentative systems for disabled children are solely designated for western children (design, interface and contents). Thus the development of an Arabic augmentative communication system taking into consideration the culture and specificity of Qatari disabled children will be an important tool that helps them to overcome communication problems and access independently digital information

A Game-based Technology Solution to Incite Children to Take Daily Breakfast with Healthy Food

We propose a multimedia-based interactive game that incites elementary school children in Qatar to take regularly the daily breakfast before going to school. It also promotes physical activities and healthy food and shows the strong connection between them. Before playing the game, the children learn about the importance of breakfast within a family setting through multimedia tutorials developed with the assistance of a nutritionist and special education instructors. The children will then be required to solve some exercises to select the healthy items that enhance the intake of more fruits and vegetables. The game is relatively simple and doesn't require deep knowledge to play it. The game is targeting the obesity disease and the malnutrition habits and sedentary lifestyle that affect an important number of children and adolescent in the country. 1 2017 IEEE.Scopu